stance was adopted by many more,195 some of whom even coupled advocacy of retirement with working with one’s hands.196 Therefore, Paul’s missionary instructions—namely, to stand aloof from public life and to work at a suitable occupation—should be regarded, not as expressing a Jewish regard for the value of toil, or as arising from ecclesiological problems due to eschatology or even as representing “workshop morality,”197 but as reflecting Paul’s clear familiarity with the moral traditions of the